3.4 Lösning 4a

\[\begin{array}{rcl} f(x)&=&-\,{x^3 \over 3} \, + \, 2\,x^2 \, - \, 3\,x \, + \, 1 \\ f'(x)&=&-\,x^2 \, + \, 4\,x \, - \, 3 \\ f''(x)&=&-2\,x \, + \, 4 \end{array}\]

Derivatans nollställen:

\[\begin{array}{rcl} -\,x^2 \, + \, 4\,x \, - \, 3 & = & 0 \\ x^2 \, - \, 4\,x \, + \, 3 & = & 0 \\ \end{array}\]

\[ \begin{array}{rcl} {\rm Vieta:} \quad x_1 \cdot x_2 & = & 3 \\ x_1 + x_2 & = & -(-4) = 4 \\ &\Downarrow& \\ x_1 & = & 1 \\ x_2 & = & 3 \end{array}\]

Typ av kritiska punkter:

\( {\color{White} x} \quad \underline{x_1 = 1} \, \):

\[ f''(x) \, = \, -2\,x \, + \, 4 \]

\[ f''(1) \, = \, -2\cdot 1 + 4 = 2 > 0 \quad \Longrightarrow \quad x_1 = 1 \quad {\rm lokalt\;minimum.} \]

\( {\color{White} x} \quad \underline{x_2 = 3} \, \):

\[ f''(3) \, = \, -2\cdot 3 + 4 = -2 < 0 \quad \Longrightarrow \quad x_2 = 5 \quad {\rm lokalt\;maximum.} \]

\[ f''(1) \neq 0 \quad {\rm och} \quad f''(3) \neq 0 \quad \Longrightarrow \quad f(x) \, {\rm har\;inga\;terasspunkter.} \]

Koordinaterna:

\[ f(x) \, = \, -\,{x^3 \over 3} \, + \, 2\,x^2 \, - \, 3\,x \, + \, 1 \]

\[ f(1) \, = \, -\,{1^3 \over 3} \, + \, 2\cdot 1^2 \, - \, 3\cdot 1 \, + \, 1 = -\,{1 \over 3} \quad \Longrightarrow \quad (1, -\,{1 \over 3}) \quad {\rm är\;lokal\;minimipunkt.} \]

\[ f(3) \, = \, -\,{3^3 \over 3} \, + \, 2\cdot 3^2 \, - \, 3\cdot 3 \, + \, 1 = 1 \quad \Longrightarrow \quad (3, 1) \quad {\rm är\;lokal\;maximipunkt.} \]